Two national accounting systems, Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Product are different.
From a dollars and sense article
A country's Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, is the amount of goods and services, measured at market prices, produced within the country during a particular time period (usually a year). Gross National Product, or GNP, is the amount of goods and services produced by residents of a country, regardless of where that production takes place.
Doesnt matter much for the US,
In 1999, the U.S. GDP -- again, the amount of goods and services produced within the country's geographic borders -- was $9,299 billion. Payments to U.S. residents -- including U.S.-based firms -- from their activities in the rest of the world contributed $306 billion and payments to foreign residents from their activities in the U.S. subtracted $317 billion, resulting in a GNP of $9,288 billion. So for 1999, GNP was 99.88% of GDP -- not much difference.
But for developing countries, GDP might not be a great indicator of financial performance. If a nation has a high percentage of FDI, and the profits are repatriated, they'll have a high GDP, but not a commenserate raise in available capital or living standards.
Apparently the switch from using GNP to GDP happened about 15 or 20 years ago. As globalisation was kicking off... interesting.
A little clairifying example from the article:
In national accounting, the incomes that people obtain are taken as measures of the amount they produce. If firms obtain profits from the production of a good, then those firms are credited with producing that good to the extent of their profits. Thus, when U.S. investors obtain $100 million as profits from production in Mexico, that $100 million is counted towards the U.S. GNP, not towards the Mexican GNP. Yet the $100 million gets counted as part of the Mexican GDP, not the U.S. GDP, because the production takes place within the geographic boundaries of Mexico.

Many politicians compare defense spending to the GDP and say that is is less than previous years (percentage wise). How many times has the GNP and GDP been redefined since WWII. I seem to remember that it originally consisted of produced goods, and not services. I fail to see how a person spending $100 for a doctor visit adds any value to the GDP or GNP; also, the mergers and paper transactions that compress industry and eliminate jobs doesn't seem to me to add to our value.
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Posted by: Sam Woods | October 15, 2010 at 07:38 AM
Your description should not use "profits"; it is "market prices" that is tallied. The idea is that foreign firms in host country employ workers and buy input materials within host country. Therefore, it makes sense to look at GDP too in addition to GNP. Profits are not always repatriated, especially when the company's HQ country has high relative taxes to host country.
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